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Pre-cancer symptoms of the cervix mainly include contact bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, abnormal urination, and abnormal menstruation. Cervical precancerous lesions are usually caused by human papillomavirus infection, long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation, low immune function, multiple pregnancies, smoking and other factors. They can be diagnosed through cervical cytology, HPV testing, colposcopy and other methods.

1. Contact bleeding

Contact bleeding is a common symptom of cervical precancerous lesions. It mainly manifests as vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse or gynecological examination. The bleeding is usually small and may appear as spotting or small amounts of bright red blood. Contact bleeding caused by cervical precancerous lesions may be related to increased vascular fragility caused by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. It is recommended to seek medical treatment promptly when such symptoms occur, perform cervical cytology and HPV testing, and perform colposcopy biopsy to confirm the diagnosis if necessary.

2. Abnormal vaginal discharge

Abnormal vaginal discharge may manifest as increased leucorrhea, color change, or abnormal odor. Cervical precancerous lesions may cause leucorrhea that is yellow or bloody and has a fishy odor. This symptom is related to changes in glandular secretion caused by abnormal proliferation of cervical epithelial cells. It is recommended to keep the vulva clean, avoid using irritating lotions, and conduct timely gynecological examinations to rule out malignant lesions.

3. Lower abdominal pain

Lower abdominal pain is mostly dull pain or a feeling of swelling, which may radiate to the lumbosacral region. Pain caused by cervical precancerous lesions is usually related to a local inflammatory response or infiltration of the lesion into surrounding tissue. The degree of pain is not necessarily directly proportional to the severity of the disease, and some early-stage lesions may not cause obvious pain. It is recommended to avoid strenuous exercise, pay attention to rest, and seek medical attention promptly if pain persists.

4. Abnormal urination

Abnormal urination includes symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and difficulty urinating. When cervical precancerous lesions involve the tissues around the bladder or urethra, they may irritate the bladder or compress the urethra, causing abnormal urination. Such symptoms indicate that the disease may have progressed, and a pelvic examination is required as soon as possible to evaluate the extent of the disease. It is recommended to maintain adequate fluid intake, avoid holding urine, and reduce caffeine intake.

5. Abnormal menstruation

Abnormal menstruation manifests as prolonged menstruation, increased menstrual flow, or irregular menstrual cycles. Cervical precancerous lesions may affect endometrial function or cause abnormal blood vessel proliferation, thereby causing menstrual changes. It is recommended to record changes in the menstrual cycle, avoid overexertion, and maintain a regular schedule. If abnormal uterine bleeding occurs, you should seek medical treatment promptly to rule out malignant lesions.

Cervical cancer screening should be carried out regularly to prevent cervical precancerous lesions. It is recommended that women over 21 years old or with a history of sexual intercourse undergo cervical cytology examination every 3 years. Women over 30 years old can be combined with HPV testing. Maintaining a single sexual partner, using condoms, and getting the HPV vaccine can effectively reduce the risk of infection. Pay attention to personal hygiene, avoid long-term use of sanitary pads, choose cotton underwear and change them frequently. A balanced diet, moderate exercise, and enhanced immunity can help prevent disease progression. If you have suspicious symptoms, you should seek medical treatment promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis.