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Prostatic hyperplasia in the elderly can be treated through lifestyle adjustments, drug therapy, physical therapy, minimally invasive surgery, open surgery, etc. Prostatic hyperplasia may be related to age, abnormal androgen secretion and other factors, and usually manifests as symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and difficulty in urination.

1. Lifestyle adjustment

Limiting fluid intake, especially before bedtime, can help reduce the frequency of urination during the night. Avoid excessive alcohol and caffeine intake to avoid irritating the bladder and aggravating frequent urination and urgency. Regular moderate exercise such as walking can help improve pelvic blood circulation and relieve urinary retention. Consuming foods rich in dietary fiber can prevent constipation and reduce pressure on the prostate.

2. Drug treatment

Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsules are alpha-receptor blockers that can relax prostate smooth muscle and improve symptoms of dysuria. Finasteride tablets are 5α reductase inhibitors that can reduce the size of the prostate and delay the progression of the disease. Solifenacin succinate is a muscarinic receptor antagonist suitable for patients with prostatic hyperplasia and overactive bladder. Doxazosin tablets have a dual mechanism of action that can relieve urinary obstruction and relieve bladder irritation symptoms.

3. Physical therapy

Prostate massage can promote the discharge of gland secretions and relieve local congestion through manual techniques. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy uses electromagnetic waves to generate thermal effects to partially shrink prostate tissue and reduce urinary flow resistance. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy uses physical energy to improve pelvic blood circulation and reduce inflammation. Biofeedback therapy helps patients master the correct contraction methods of pelvic floor muscles to improve urinary control.

4. Minimally invasive surgery

Transurethral resection of the prostate is currently the most widely used minimally invasive procedure, which can effectively remove hyperplastic tissue and improve urinary function. Prostate laser vaporization uses laser energy to vaporize hyperplastic tissue, which has the advantage of less bleeding and faster recovery. Prostatic artery embolization is suitable for high-risk patients who are intolerant of anesthesia by blocking the blood supply of the proliferative tissue and causing it to gradually shrink.

5. Open surgery

Suprapubic prostatectomy is suitable for patients with massive prostatic hyperplasia or bladder stones and needs to be completed through an abdominal incision. Transperineal prostatectomy can completely remove hyperplastic glands, but it may affect sexual function and should be chosen carefully. After surgery, a urinary catheter is routinely placed and the bladder is continuously flushed to prevent blood clots from forming and blocking the urethra. During the recovery period, it is necessary to monitor urination and deal with possible complications such as urinary incontinence in a timely manner.

Elderly patients should establish a regular drinking schedule and drink small amounts of water in batches to keep their daily urine output within a reasonable range. Avoid riding a bicycle or sitting for long periods of time to reduce pressure on the perineum. Perform regular levator exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. When acute urinary retention occurs, seek medical catheterization promptly to prevent irreversible damage caused by overexpansion of the bladder. After surgery, it is necessary to follow the doctor's instructions to regularly review the urinary flow rate and residual urine volume to evaluate the treatment effect and adjust the rehabilitation plan.