What are the effects after hysterectomy?

Hysterectomy may affect the cessation of menstruation, loss of fertility, changes in hormone levels, changes in the supporting structure of pelvic organs, and the need for psychological adjustment.

1. Menstruation stops

After hysterectomy, the lining of the uterus no longer sheds periodically and menstruation permanently stops. Vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats similar to menopause may occur after surgery, which is related to the temporary impact on the ovarian blood supply. It is recommended to relieve symptoms through a low-fat, high-calcium diet and Kegel exercises. If symptoms persist for more than 3 months, ovarian function needs to be evaluated.

2. Loss of fertility

The uterus is the only organ for embryo implantation, and the possibility of natural conception completely disappears after removal. For those who retain their ovaries, genetic offspring can still be obtained through third-party assisted reproductive technology. Fertility counseling should be fully conducted before surgery, and fertility preservation measures such as egg freezing should be considered if necessary.

3. Changes in hormone levels

Total hysterectomy may affect 10-15% of the blood supply to the ovaries, causing estrogen fluctuations. You can use hormone preparations such as Livmin tablets or estradiol valerate tablets as directed by your doctor, and adjust your diet with phytoestrogens such as soy isoflavones. Most patients who retain their ovaries return to normal endocrine function within 6-12 months.

4. Changes in pelvic structure

The uterus serves as the central anchoring point of the pelvic cavity. Resection may increase the risk of cystocele and rectal prolapse. After surgery, you should avoid behaviors that increase abdominal pressure such as heavy lifting and chronic coughing, and insist on pelvic floor muscle exercises. Solifenacin succinate tablets can be used to improve symptoms when urinary abnormalities occur.

5. Psychological adaptation needs

About 30% of patients experience gender identity distress or depression after surgery. It is recommended to join a patient support group and use antidepressants such as paroxetine hydrochloride tablets when necessary. Spouses should participate in psychological counseling and maintain the partnership through non-sexual intimacy.

Avoid sexual intercourse and bathing in the bath for 6 weeks after surgery, and gradually increase the amount of activity. Annual gynecological examinations, bone density monitoring and hormone level testing are required, focusing on preventing cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. If you experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, persistent pain, or severe mood disorders, you should seek follow-up consultation in a timely manner. You can supplement your daily routine with vitamin D3 and calcium, and choose low-impact exercise such as swimming to maintain your health.