What causes testicular swelling and pain?

Testicular swelling and pain may be caused by varicocele, orchitis, epididymitis, testicular torsion, trauma and other factors, and are usually accompanied by symptoms such as scrotal swelling and fever.

1. Varicocele

Varicocele is a dilation of blood vessels caused by obstruction of testicular venous return, which may be related to factors such as prolonged standing and increased abdominal pressure. It manifests as scrotal swelling and dull pain, which worsens when standing. For treatment, it is necessary to avoid standing for a long time. In severe cases, you can follow the doctor's advice to use drugs such as Maizhiling tablets and diosmin tablets to improve circulation. If necessary, perform laparoscopic high spermatic vein ligation.

2. Orchitis

Orchitis is mostly caused by bacterial or viral infections, such as mumps virus, E. coli, etc. It is often accompanied by scrotal redness, swelling and high fever, which requires bed rest and ice application to relieve swelling. You can use antibiotics such as cefixime dispersible tablets and levofloxacin tablets, or ciclovir capsules for antiviral treatment as directed by your doctor.

3. Epididymitis

Epididymitis is mostly caused by the spread of urinary tract infection and manifests as epididymal induration and painful urination. You need to drink more water to promote urination and avoid spicy food. In the acute phase, you can take azithromycin granules and celecoxib capsules as directed by your doctor to control infection and pain. Those with chronic and recurring symptoms need to check for urinary system malformations.

4. Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion is an emergency, resulting in interruption of blood supply due to rotation of the spermatic cord, and sudden severe pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Surgical reduction and fixation are required within 6 hours of onset to avoid testicular necrosis. Suspected symptoms should be treated immediately in the emergency department. Do not apply heat or take medication to delay treatment.

5. Trauma

Testicular trauma such as impact and sports injuries can cause hematoma and persistent pain. Minor injuries can be alleviated by bed rest and scrotal strap immobilization. Obvious hematoma requires ultrasound examination to rule out testicular rupture. In severe cases, surgery is required to remove the hematoma and repair the tissue.

Wear loose underwear every day to reduce compression, and avoid long-term riding or strenuous exercise. If the pain lasts for more than 24 hours, is accompanied by fever or abnormal urination, it is recommended to seek medical attention as soon as possible to investigate the cause. The testicles are important reproductive organs. Delayed treatment may affect fertility function. Do not use medication on your own because you are too shy to seek medical advice.