Child Safety and First Aid Yin Ke

87% of common accidental injuries in children can be completely avoided through pre-emptive intervention. For the remaining 13% of sudden accidents, as long as parents master three core first aid skills, the risk of death and disability can be reduced to less than 0.2%. This number was calculated after he followed up on all accident cases he had received in the past five years.

When he was working the night shift last Wednesday, he picked up a 3-year-old boy who had swallowed a button battery. His grandmother was watching short videos at home and heard people say that drinking vinegar can soften the battery and induce vomiting, so she forcefully drank half a bottle of vinegar and waited for two hours. When the laryngoscope was used, the esophageal mucosa had been burned with three or four ulcers due to battery leakage. “If you give your child two spoonfuls of warm raw egg white or pure milk before coming to neutralize the leaked alkaline liquid, you won't suffer from this problem at all. ”When Yin Ke said this, his fingertips were still holding the black button battery that had just been taken out, and his tone was a little helpless.

Many parents ask him for a child safety protection list. They first ask whether they should cover all right angles in the home with sponges and install safety locks on all drawers. In fact, there are two completely different views in the industry about child safety protection: one is the "full protection school", which advocates removing all risk sources from the environment as much as possible and creating a completely risk-free growth space for children; the other is the "risk education school", which believes that excessive protection will make children lose their judgment of danger and make them more likely to be injured in the external environment. Yin Ke's choice is to "dispose of dishes based on age": before his own child was two years old, all the sockets at home were covered with protective covers, the sharp table corners were covered, and even the bottles of disinfectant were locked in the top cabinet of the kitchen. When the child was three and a half years old, he could express himself clearly. After coming up with the idea, he directly used a test pen to show the child the consequences of plugging in the socket, and taught him to identify the signs of 84 disinfectant and insecticide. Now that the child is five years old, he sees other children downstairs picking up unknown pills on the ground and stuffing them into his mouth, and he will actively stop him. “There is no need to go to extremes. The little kid can't remember the rules. It's useless if you tell him not to touch. Why not just remove the risk? The big kid will understand. If you hide it, it will make him curious. Why not just put the consequences in front of him. ”

Rather than protection, more parents worry about how to learn first aid. There are a lot of popular science contents on the Internet. Sometimes they are the key points of Heimlich operation, sometimes they are fixation methods of fractures, and how to deal with heat stroke, electric shock, and stings. They get lost in the middle of memorizing it. Yin Ke said that there is no need to carry it all over. 90% of the accident cases he has received are concentrated in three categories: foreign objects stuck in the throat, burns and scalding, and accidental ingestion of harmful substances. If you memorize the response methods of these three categories, you will be able to deal with most situations.

Take the Heimlich maneuver that everyone is most familiar with. There is also a lot of quarrel on the Internet. Some people say that just patting on the back is enough, while others say that you have to punch the stomach hard. Yin Ke said that he has encountered parents using the adult Heimlich maneuver on a 10-month-old baby with a strangulated throat. The impact was too strong and the child was injured. The liver was stabbed. "Children under 1 year old can only be slapped on the back and chest compressions. Only those over 1 year old who are conscious can use abdominal thrusts. If the baby is unconscious and unresponsive, don't make excuses, do cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately and call 120. If these details are different, the consequences will be completely different." ”

He has been practicing medicine for so many years, and the most regrettable case he received last year was a 5-year-old boy who fell down while jumping on the sofa in the afternoon and landed on the back of his head. He stopped crying for two minutes and could still play with toys and eat normally, but the parents did not take it seriously. As a result, the child started vomiting and lethargy in the middle of the night. When he was sent to the hospital, he suffered from cerebral hemorrhage and herniation, and he could not be saved. “Many parents have a misunderstanding. They think that if the child falls and cries, it will be fine. If the child does not cry, it will be serious. In fact, this is not the case. There is an observation period for 72 hours after a fall on the back of the head. As long as there is vomiting, drowsiness, unclear speech, or staggering when walking, regardless of whether the child is crying after the fall, he must run to the hospital immediately. I have seen at least dozens of people step on this trap. ”

Yin Ke always carries two or three cartoon band-aids and a small bottle of iodophor cotton pads in his bag. Last time he met a grandmother downstairs in the community to play with her baby. The baby broke her knee. The grandma was taking out toothpaste and applying it to the wound when he happened to catch him. He rinsed the wound with saline and applied a bandaid to the baby on the spot. He also told his grandma for a long time why he should not apply toothpaste, soy sauce, plant ash and other things. Now all the grandmas in the community know him. When they meet their children when picking up their children from school, they always like to pull him and ask him, "What should I do if my baby always likes to pick at the socket?"

Every time he gives a children's safety science popularization lecture, he never ends up saying empty words such as "I hope everyone can master all first aid knowledge." He only says: "You don't need to be a first aid expert. You just need to remember that you are the person closest to the child. If you remember a little common sense, the child will suffer less. That is enough." ”