What are the contents of basic first aid skills popularization training?

Formal basic first aid science training for the general public focuses on the content that "non-professionals can operate without equipment and seize the golden rescue time". It does not involve medical operations that require professional qualifications. It focuses on people who can use it after learning it and have the courage to use it.

I have been doing community first aid science popularization for three years. Before every class, someone asked me whether I need to learn injections and stitching wounds. It is really not necessary. 90% of the first aid scenarios that ordinary people encounter do not require these. The first and most core part is the response to cardiac arrest, that is, the use of chest compressions (CPR) and automated external defibrillators (AED). Last year, an employee of an Internet company in our jurisdiction suffered a heart attack while working overtime. A girl from the same department happened to have just participated in our corporate training last week. She immediately went up to perform compressions. The security guard took the AED installed in the lobby downstairs. After two defibrillations, he resumed spontaneous breathing. By the time 120 was sent to the hospital, he was already conscious. There are different voices in the industry. Some training teams feel that the complete assessment process (judging consciousness, feeling the carotid artery, calling for help, and correcting the posture) must be explained thoroughly, without even one step missing. Some teams feel that ordinary people cannot remember so many steps in an emergency. As long as they know "if they can't wake up or breathe normally, press the chest hard, and if there is an AED, follow the prompts." When we do training, we usually make a compromise, first explain the core movements thoroughly, and then fill in the details. After all, the courage to reach out is more important than anything else.

In addition to this scenario with low incidence but extremely high fatality rate, daily high-frequency small accident handling also accounts for a large part of the training. For example, when it comes to how to deal with burns and scalds, many people still believe in the traditional methods of applying toothpaste and soy sauce. During the last training, Aunt Zhang said that her grandson knocked over the hot water bowl the year before last, and the old man at home applied half a bottle of soy sauce, leaving a shallow scar in the end, which he regretted so much. We always use room-temperature mineral water as an example. After a burn, run cold water for more than 15 minutes as soon as possible, which is more effective than any other folk remedy. There is also the Heimlich maneuver for foreign bodies stuck in the airway. A stay-at-home mother used it on her 3-year-old son who had pistachio stuck at home just after attending our community training for a week. Later, she went to the community to give us a banner. Some experts also have concerns about this. They feel that ordinary people cannot distinguish the operation indications. Indiscriminate patting and pressing on the back can easily push the foreign object deeper and even break the ribs. Our approach is to show you two comparison videos first, one of a person who can talk and cough violently (in this case, the foreign object does not block the airway, no need to operate, just encourage yourself to cough), and one of a person with a purple face and no sound (this is the case where Heimlich is needed). By simplifying the judgment criteria to something that can be recognized at a glance, it will be less likely to make mistakes.

The rest of the content is basically about correcting common misunderstandings that people easily get into every day, as well as basic responses in emergency situations. For example, if you have a nosebleed and you can't raise your head, you have to lower your nose and pinch your nose. Remember the three signs of a stroke: "face is crooked, arms can't be raised, and speech is unclear." Call 120 as soon as possible. There is even a special simulation session to teach you how to call 120 - many people just cry when they are anxious and cannot explain the specific address and patient's condition, which in turn delays time. Of course, there are also some advanced science popularizations for outdoor enthusiasts and corporate security that will add pressure to stop bleeding and fix fractures. However, general popular training for the public will not go into such depth. After all, learning too much is too complicated and it is easy to forget everything when using it.