What are the effects of radiotherapy for cervical cancer?

Radiotherapy for cervical cancer can eliminate tumor lesions, control the spread of cancer cells, reduce the probability of recurrence, and can be used as preoperative adjuvant treatment or palliative treatment. Radiotherapy methods mainly include external beam therapy, internal beam therapy, and combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

External radiation therapy uses external radiation sources to directly act on the tumor area, which can accurately destroy the DNA structure of cancer cells. It is suitable for cases where the primary tumor is large or there is lymph node metastasis. Internal radiation therapy places a radioactive source into the cervix or uterine cavity to release high-dose radiation at close range. It has a significant effect on killing local tumors and is often used in combination with external radiation. Combining chemoradiotherapy with radiation to enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs can improve the survival rate of advanced patients, but may cause side effects such as bone marrow suppression or gastrointestinal reactions.

After radiotherapy, keep the perineum clean and dry, and wear loose cotton underwear to avoid friction. Choose high-protein, easily digestible foods such as fish and steamed eggs. Appropriate supplements of vitamin C and B vitamins can promote mucosal repair. Perform low-intensity exercise such as walking and yoga 3-5 times a week to enhance immunity. HPV testing and imaging examinations should be reviewed every 3-6 months for 2 years after treatment. If abnormal bleeding or pain is found, timely treatment is required.