Will ovarian cysts affect fertility?

Whether an ovarian cyst affects fertility depends on the nature and size of the cyst. Most physiological cysts do not affect fertility, but pathological cysts may interfere with pregnancy. There are mainly types such as corpus luteum cyst, endometrioma, teratoma, serous cystadenoma, and mucinous cystadenoma.

1.Corpus luteum cyst

Luteal cysts are physiological cysts, usually related to the failure of the corpus luteum to degenerate after ovulation, and are mostly less than 5 cm in diameter. This type of cyst can disappear on its own within 2-3 menstrual cycles and generally does not cause infertility. If the cyst persists or increases, it may be accompanied by menstrual disorders. At this time, ultrasound monitoring is required, and no special treatment is required.

2. Endometriosis cyst

Endometriomas are pathological cysts caused by the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue in the ovaries. Cysts may destroy normal ovarian tissue, causing ovulation disorders and pelvic adhesions. With progressive dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, laparoscopic surgery is required. After surgery, dienogest tablets or leuprolide acetate microspheres for injection can be used as directed by the doctor to control recurrence.

3. Teratoma

Mature teratomas are mostly benign, but excessive size may compress the ovary and affect follicular development. Ultrasound shows that hair, teeth and other characteristic structures can be seen in the cyst. It is recommended that laparoscopic teratoma removal be performed when the diameter exceeds 4 cm. A very small number of immature teratomas require extended surgery and chemotherapy.

4. Serous cystadenoma

Serous cystadenoma is mostly unilateral, with thin walls and clear fluid content. Huge cysts may twist or rupture and cause acute abdomen, requiring prompt surgical removal. This type of cyst itself does not affect hormone secretion, but surgery may damage ovarian reserve function, and AMH levels should be evaluated before surgery.

5. Mucinous cystadenoma

Mucinous cystadenoma tends to continue to grow and has a potential risk of malignant transformation. Rupture of the cyst may lead to mucoid peritonitis, requiring complete surgical removal. For those with fertility needs, normal ovarian tissue should be preserved as much as possible during the operation, and follicle monitoring or assisted reproductive technology can be considered after surgery.

It is recommended to conduct gynecological ultrasound and hormone level examination before planning pregnancy. If cysts are found to persist or grow rapidly, an individualized treatment plan needs to be formulated under the guidance of a doctor. Avoid overexertion and strenuous exercise on a daily basis. Regular work and rest can help maintain endocrine stability. The diet can increase the intake of dark vegetables and high-quality protein, and reduce high-sugar and high-fat foods.